Veratrum album (White hellebore)
Other names: White false helleborine
V. album is a perennial with large, pleated, elliptic leaves. In summer, it bears leafy spikes of star-shaped, yellow-green flowers.
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0.6m max. spread |
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1.5m max. height |
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2-5 years to maturity |
Epipactis palustris (Marsh helleborine)
Other names: Marsh orchid, Marsh epipactis, Helleborine palustris, Limodorum palustre
E. palustris is a terrestrial, rhizomatous, deciduous orchid with oblong to ovate, mid-green basal leaves and, in summer, an erect stem bearing narrowly lance-shaped stem leaves and a one-sided raceme of veined, purple-brown to reddish-brown flowers, greenish-white on the reverse with a yellow-marked, white lower petal. Flowers are followed by brown seed capsules containing tiny, dust-like seeds.
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1.5m max. spread |
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0.4m max. height |
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2-5 years to maturity |
Epipactis gigantea (Giant helleborine)
Other names: Stream orchid, Poor man's lady slipper, Epipactis americana, Helleborine giganteum, Arthrochilium giganteum, Amesia gigantea, Chatterbox
E. gigantea is a terrestrial, rhizomatous, deciduous orchid with upright stems bearing ovate to lance-shaped, bright green leaves and, from spring to early summer, loose, terminal spikes of nodding, yellow-green, often purple-flushed flowers with recurved upper petals and maroon to purple-brown veins.
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1.5m max. spread |
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0.4m max. height |
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2-5 years to maturity |
Helleborus multifidus subsp. hercegovinus (Ferny hellebore)
H. multifidus subsp. hercegovinus is a clump-forming, deciduous perennial with erect stems bearing leaves divided into numerous linear, toothed, veined, mid-green leaflets, hairy beneath. Cymes of pendent, cup-shaped or conical, green flowers bloom in late winter and early spring.
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0.45m max. spread |
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0.3m max. height |
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2-5 years to maturity |
Cephalanthera longifolia (Narrow-leaved helleborine)
Other names: Sword-leaved helleborine, White lady
C. longifolia is an erect terrestrial orchid with narrowly lance-shaped, dark green leaves and spike-like racemes of bell-shaped, white flowers in late spring and early summer.
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0.4m max. spread |
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0.5m max. height |
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2-5 years to maturity |
Veratrum nigrum (Black false hellebore)
Other names: Dark-flowered white hellebore
V. nigrum is a clump-forming, rhizomatous, deciduous perennial with pleated, broadly elliptic, mid- to dark green leaves and erect stems bearing large panicles of pungent, star-shaped, maroon or dark reddish-brown flowers in summer.
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0.6m max. spread |
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1.2m max. height |
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2-5 years to maturity |
Veratrum californicum (California false hellebore)
Other names: California corn lily, Wild corn, Cow cabbage, Western false hellebore
V. californicum is a robust, rhizomatous, herbaceous perennial with a sturdy, erect, unbranched stem bearing large, elliptic, veined, mid- to bright green leaves and, in summer, terminal panicles of star-shaped, white flowers followed by spherical seeds heads.
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0.6m max. spread |
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2m max. height |
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2-5 years to maturity |
Veratrum viride (Green false helleborine)
Other names: American hellebore, Bear cabbage, Crow poison, Earth gall, Green hellebore, Indian poke, Itchweed, Meadow poke , North American white hellebore, Pepper root , Puppet root, Swamp hellebore, Wild hellebore, American false hellebore, Giant false helleborine, Bear corn, Corn lily
V. viride is a vigorous, upright, deciduous perennial with spirally arranged, ovate to broadly elliptic, mid-green leaves, hairy beneath, and branched panicles of star-shaped, green to yellow-green flowers in summer.
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0.6m max. spread |
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2m max. height |
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2-5 years to maturity |
Helleborus purpurascens (Lenten rose 'Purple')
Other names: Purple hellebore, Christmas rose
H. purpurascens is an herbaceous perennial with green, divided foliage that may be purple tinted. In late winter to early spring, before the appearance of leaves, it bears dainty, nodding, cup-shaped purple flowers with creamy stamens on purple stems.
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0.45m max. spread |
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0.3m max. height |
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2-5 years to maturity |
Eranthis hyemalis (Winter aconite)
Other names: Winter hellebore, Winter wolf's bane, Aconite Winter
E. hymalis are small perennials with cheery, yellow flowers that sit above lobed, fresh-green leaves in late winter to early spring.
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0.1m max. spread |
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0.1m max. height |
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2-5 years to maturity |
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